Rabu, 20 Agustus 2008

Happy Every Day



Ekspedisi Merapi

ahmad and nurul work at a company famous at part customer care, where they work for to handle customer complaint company. for ahmad the job so self torture, every day he must serve complaint by complaint so that make self be so depress up to final that atmosphere form self character, he soes so angry easy, grumble angrily and job is in a mess even the connection with the wife comes disturbed. other the things of with nurul, make the job self serves komplain customer a fun activity. challenge, he said. the result, he is more can memanage self emotion and increase the ability berkoordinasi and communicate with another part to overcome that problem.
can we see choice difference that made by ahmad and nurul choice to depress, stres, berkeluh kesahatau choose to bloom to pass situation that there. and obvious every day we always setted out with choice the name. try you look at, from since get up to sleep up to return to sleep, our activity always formed choice. the example, in morning we can choose to get up morning or permanent slouch in place sleep so that oversleep. time goes to work place, we can choose stripe usually long and stopped or stripe cut with consequence must via small street and many holes, we can choose to make time or slow road. live our decision to chooses which we want. up to we want to determine to which, free.
but necessary mencermati consequence from choice can not we refuse. return to example above if we choose to be in position ahmad so our the result becoming not can bloom and exactly even make us retreat and throw away so much energy. so that be of vital importance for us to always think our choice consequence.
if there a empty time soon makes choice that bring benefit, koid choice to relax, or chat uncertain. inculcate in self that today “the best time” for do voluminous matters. bloom every day and always do best.
koid expression likes:
”duh this self the misery, little salary, debt many, ill child, serasa collapse world ini”
“waduh, rapaaatttt exclusively, when does the rest, stres heavy here! ”
“dasar moppet, the work nangis exclusively udah gitu play exclusively house soes in a mess here! ”
while possible we are our choice fox be:
“alhamdulil still slow payday can lunasin debt may benediction and allah adds rezeki”
“yes, seneng banget here! at meeting later meet important ones so can learn from mereka”
“sabar-sabar, really difficult administer child but this possible charity arable land and learn, sabar…. ”
rasullu may allah bless him and give him peace, although guaranteed by allah the almighty and most worthy of praise from dosa-dosa permanent choose to try seriously to do prayer tahajjud up to swollen the foot. while can he choose for calm, anyway permanent the willpower doesn't change.
with choose to be happy actually we also mensyukuri allah favour that given to us. there interested for happy every day?


Di Posting Oleh : Dorin Mutoif, Poltekkes Yogyakarta jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan
D/a : Munggu, Petanahan, Kebumen, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Senin, 21 Juli 2008

Menebar Keangkuhan Menuai Kehinaan




fotoku saat di Ruang OK Jogja International Hospital

Al-Ustadzah Ummu ‘Abdirrahman Anisah bintu ‘Imran

Masih berkaca pada untaian nasihat Luqman Al-Hakim kepada anaknya. Menjelang akhir nasihatnya, Luqman melarang sang anak dari sikap takabur dan memerintahkannya untuk merendahkan diri (tawadhu’. Luqman berkata kepada anaknya:


وَلاَ تُصَعِّرْ خَدَّكَ لِلنَّاسِ وَلاَ تَمْشِ فِي اْلأَرْضِ مَرَحاً إِنَّ اللهَ لاَ يُحِبُّ كُلَّ مُخْتاَلٍ فَخُوْرٍ


“Dan janganlah engkau memalingkan wajahmu dari manusia (karena sombong), dan janganlah berjalan dengan angkuh. Sesungguhnya Allah tidak menyukai orang yang angkuh dan menyombongkan diri.” (Luqman: 18)

Demikian Luqman melarang untuk memalingkan wajah dan bermuka masam kepada orang lain karena sombong dan merasa dirinya besar, melarang dari berjalan dengan angkuh, sombong terhadap nikmat yang ada pada dirinya dan melupakan Dzat yang memberikan nikmat, serta kagum terhadap diri sendiri. Karena Allah tidak menyukai setiap orang yang menyombongkan diri dengan keadaannya dan bersikap angkuh dengan ucapannya. (Taisirul Karimir Rahman hal. 649)
Pada ayat yang lain Allah Azza Wa Jalla melarang pula:


وَلاَ تَمْشِ فِي اْلأَرْضِ مَرَحاً إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَخْرِقَ اْلأَرْضَ وَلَنْ تَبْلُغَ الْجِباَلَ طُوْلاً


“Dan janganlah berjalan di muka bumi dengan sombong, karena sesungguhnya engkau tak akan dapat menembus bumi dan tidak akan mencapai setinggi gunung.” (Al-Isra`: 37)

Demikianlah, seseorang dengan ketakaburannya tidak akan dapat mencapai semua itu. Bahkan ia akan menjadi seorang yang terhina di hadapan Allah k dan direndahkan di hadapan manusia, dibenci, dan dimurkai. Dia telah menjalani akhlak yang paling buruk dan paling rendah tanpa menggapai apa yang diinginkannya. (Taisirul Karimir Rahman, hal. 458)
Kehinaan. Inilah yang akan dituai oleh orang yang sombong. Dia tidak akan mendapatkan apa yang dia harapkan di dunia maupun di akhirat.
‘Amr bin Syu’aib meriwayatkan dari ayahnya dari kakeknya dari Nabi n:


يُحْشَرُ الْمُتَكَبِّرُوْنَ يَوْمَ الْقِياَمَةِ أَمْثاَلَ الذَّرِّ فِيْ صُوْرَةِ الرِّجاَلِ، يَغْشاَهُمُ الذُّلُّ مِنْ كُلِّ مَكاَنٍ، يُسَاقُوْنَ إِلَى سِجْنٍ مِنْ جَهَنَّمَ يُسَمَّى بُوْلَسَ، تَغْلُوْهُمْ ناَرٌ مِنَ اْلأَنْياَرِ، وَيُسْقَوْنَ مِنْ عُصَارَةِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ طِيْنَةِ الْخَباَلِ


“Orang-orang yang sombong dikumpulkan pada hari kiamat seperti semut-semut kecil dalam bentuk manusia, diliputi oleh kehinaan dari segala arah, digiring ke penjara di Jahannam yang disebut Bulas, dilalap oleh api dan diberi minuman dari perasan penduduk neraka, thinatul khabal.1” (HR. At-Tirmidzi, dihasankan oleh Asy-Syaikh Al-Albani t dalam Shahih Al-Adabul Mufrad no. 434)

Bahkan seorang yang sombong terancam dengan kemurkaan Allah. Demikian yang kita dapati dari Rasulullah, sebagaimana yang disampaikan oleh seorang shahabat mulia, ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar :


مَنْ تَعَظَّمَ فِي نَفْسِهِ أَوِ اخْتَالَ فِي مِشْيَتِهِ لَقِيَ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ


“Barangsiapa yang merasa sombong akan dirinya atau angkuh dalam berjalan, dia akan bertemu dengan Allah k dalam keadaan Allah murka terhadapnya.” (HR. Ahmad, dishahihkan oleh Asy-Syaikh Al-Albani dalam Shahih Al-Adabul Mufrad no. 427)

Kesombongan (kibr) bukanlah pada orang yang senang dengan keindahan. Akan tetapi, kesombongan adalah menentang agama Allah dan merendahkan hamba-hamba Allah. Demikian yang dijelaskan oleh Rasulullah tatkala beliau ditanya oleh ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar, “Apakah sombong itu bila seseorang memiliki hullah2 yang dikenakannya?” Beliau menjawab, “Tidak.” “Apakah bila seseorang memiliki dua sandal yang bagus dengan tali sandalnya yang bagus?” “Tidak.” “Apakah bila seseorang memiliki binatang tunggangan yang dikendarainya?” “Tidak.” “Apakah bila seseorang memiliki teman-teman yang biasa duduk bersamanya?” “Tidak.” “Wahai Rasulullah, lalu apakah kesombongan itu?” Kemudian beliau menjawab:


سَفَهُ الْحَقِّ وَغَمْطُ النَّاسِ


“Meremehkan kebenaran dan merendahkan manusia.” (HR. Ahmad, dishahihkan oleh Asy-Syaikh Al-Albani dalam Shahih Al-Adabul Mufrad no. 426)
Tak sedikit pun Rasulullah membuka peluang bagi seseorang untuk bersikap sombong. Bahkan beliau senantiasa memerintahkan untuk tawadhu’. ‘Iyadh bin Himar menyampaikan bahwa Rasulullah n bersabda:


إِنَّ اللهَ أَوْحَى إِلَيَّ أَنْ تَوَاضَعُوا حَتَّى لاَ يَفْخَرَ أَحَدٌ عَلَى أَحَدٍ وَلاَ يَبْغِيَ أَحَدٌ عَلَى أَحَدٍ


“Sesungguhnya Allah mewahyukan kepadaku agar kalian bersikap tawadhu’ hingga tidak seorang pun menyombongkan diri atas yang lain dan tak seorang pun berbuat melampaui batas terhadap yang lainnya.” (HR. Muslim no. 2865)
Berlawanan dengan orang yang sombong, orang yang berhias dengan tawadhu’ akan menggapai kemuliaan dari sisi Allah , sebagaimana yang disampaikan oleh shahabat yang mulia, Abu Hurairah bahwa Rasulullah bersabda:


وَمَا تَوَاضَعَ أَحَدٌ للهِ إِلاَّ رَفَعَهُ اللهُ


“Dan tidaklah seseorang bersikap tawadhu’ karena Allah, kecuali Allah akan mengangkatnya.” (HR. Muslim no. 2588)
Tawadhu’ karena Allah k ada dua makna. Pertama, merendahkan diri terhadap agama Allah, sehingga tidak tinggi hati dan sombong terhadap agama ini maupun untuk menunaikan hukum-hukumnya. Kedua, merendahkan diri terhadap hamba-hamba Allah karena Allah, bukan karena takut terhadap mereka, ataupun mengharap sesuatu yang ada pada mereka, namun semata-mata hanya karena Allah. Kedua makna ini benar.
Apabila seseorang merendahkan diri karena Allah, maka Allah akan mengangkatnya di dunia dan di akhirat. Hal ini merupakan sesuatu yang dapat disaksikan dalam kehidupan ini. Seseorang yang merendahkan diri akan menempati kedudukan yang tinggi di hadapan manusia, akan disebut-sebut kebaikannya, dan akan dicintai oleh manusia. (Syarh Riyadhish Shalihin, 1/365)

Tak hanya sebatas perintah semata, kisah-kisah dalam kehidupan Rasulullah banyak melukiskan ketawadhu’an beliau. Beliau adalah seorang manusia yang paling mulia di hadapan Allah. Meski demikian, beliau menolak panggilan yang berlebihan bagi beliau. Begitulah yang dikisahkan oleh Anas bin Malik tatkala orang-orang berkata kepada Rasulullah, “Wahai orang yang terbaik di antara kami, anak orang yang terbaik di antara kami! Wahai junjungan kami, anak junjungan kami!” Beliau pun berkata:


يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ عَلَيْكُمْ بِقَوْلِكُمْ وَلاَ يَسْتَهْوِيَنَّكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ، إِنِّي لاَ أُرِيْدُ أَنْ تَرْفَعُوْنِي فَوْقَ مَنْزِلَتِي الَّتِي أَنْزَلَنِيهِ اللهُ تَعَالَى، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُوْلُهُ


“Wahai manusia, hati-hatilah dengan ucapan kalian, jangan sampai kalian dijerumuskan oleh syaitan. Sesungguhnya aku tidak ingin kalian mengangkatku di atas kedudukan yang diberikan oleh Allah ta’ala bagiku. Aku ini Muhammad bin ‘Abdillah, hamba-Nya dan utusan-Nya.” (HR. An-Nasa`i dalam ‘Amalul Yaum wal Lailah, dikatakan dalam Ash-Shahihul Musnad fi Asy-Syamail Muhammadiyah no. 786: hadits shahih menurut syarat Muslim)
Anas bin Malik mengisahkan:


كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَزُوْرُ اْلأَنْصَارَ فَيُسَلِّمُ عَلَى صِبْيَانِهِمْ وَيَمْسَحُ بِرُؤُوْسِهِمْ وَيَدْعُو لَهُمْ


“Rasulullah n biasa mengunjungi orang-orang Anshar, lalu mengucapkan salam pada anak-anak mereka, mengusap kepala mereka dan mendoakannya.” (HR An. Nasa`i, dikatakan dalam Ash-Shahihul Musnad fi Asy-Syamail Muhammadiyah no. 796: hadits hasan)
Ketawadhu’an Rasulullah n ini menjadi gambaran nyata yang diteladani oleh para shahabat. Anas bin Malik pernah melewati anak-anak, lalu beliau mengucapkan salam pada mereka. Beliau n mengatakan:


كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَفْعَلُهُ


“Nabi biasa melakukan hal itu.” (HR. Al-Bukhari no. 6247 dan Muslim no. 2168)
Memberikan salam kepada anak-anak ini dilakukan oleh Nabi dan diikuti pula oleh para shahabat beliau. Hal ini merupakan sikap tawadhu’ dan akhlak yang baik, serta termasuk pendidikan dan pengajaran yang baik, serta bimbingan dan pengarahan kepada anak-anak, karena anak-anak apabila diberi salam, mereka akan terbiasa dengan hal ini dan menjadi sesuatu yang tertanam dalam jiwa mereka.(Syarh Riyadhish Shalihin, 1/366-367)

Pernah pula Abu Rifa’ah Tamim bin Usaid zmenuturkan sebuah peristiwa yang memberikan gambaran ketawadhu’an Nabi serta kasih sayang dan kecintaan beliau terhadap kaum muslimin:


اِنْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ يَخْطُبُ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، رَجُلٌ غَرِيْبٌ جَاءَ يَسْأَلُ عَنْ دِيْنِهِ لاَ يَدْرِي مَا دِيْنُهُ؟ فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَتَرَكَ خُطْبَتَهُ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَيَّ فَأُتِيَ بِكُرْسِيٍّ، فَقَعَدَ عَلَيْهِ، وَجَعَلَ يُعَلِّمُنِي مِمَّا عَلَّمَهُ اللهُ، ثُمَّ أَتَى خُطْبَتَهُ فَأَتَمَّ آخِرَهَا


“Aku pernah datang kepada Rasulullah n ketika beliau berkhutbah. Lalu aku berkata, ‘Wahai Rasulullah, seorang yang asing datang padamu untuk bertanya tentang agamanya, dia tidak mengetahui tentang agamanya.’ Maka Rasulullah pun mendatangiku, kemudian diambilkan sebuah kursi lalu beliau duduk di atasnya. Mulailah beliau mengajarkan padaku apa yang diajarkan oleh Allah. Kemudian beliau kembali melanjutkan khutbahnya hingga selesai.” (HR. Muslim no. 876)
Begitu banyak anjuran maupun kisah kehidupan Rasulullah yang melukiskan ketawadhu’an beliau. Demikian pula dari para shahabat. Tinggallah kembali pada diri ayah dan ibu. Jalan manakah kiranya yang hendak mereka pilihkan bagi buah hatinya? Mengajarkan kerendahan hati hingga mendapati kebahagiaan di dua negeri, ataukah menanamkan benih kesombongan hingga menuai kehinaan di dunia dan akhirat?
Wallahu ta’ala a’lamu bish-shawab.

1 Thinatul khabal adalah keringat atau perasan dari penduduk neraka.
2 Hullah adalah pakaian yang terdiri dari dua potong baju.

Senin, 16 Juni 2008

Manner Makes Website, Manner Makes Site, Make Website Simple, Step Makes Website.




1. at require to make website.

domain

- domain your site name, or site address. for example www. semuabisnis. com, or www. serahgwdong. com domain can at can or at buy by at register at service register domain, his cost also belong cheap, average around 100 thousands to 1 domain during 1 year.

hosting.

- hosting your place keeps files or data hits website you. for example if you want any person who accessings domain or your site so visitor will see photo you at site yard, so you live to put photo you at hosting.

confused? the explanation in short like this, we consider domain that a store address. and then hosting warehouse, or your place decorates your merchandise goods at store.

what out money to make site?

not, if you are email user yahoo there free site service from yahoo. com that is www. geocities. com, but name domain can not you change. must wear supplement geocities. com as penyedia this service. so email address for example yahoo you ambriserver@yahoo. com so your free site address is at geocities. com www. geocities. com/ambriserver if want to wear domain self for example www. nama-anda. com, or without supplement geocities. com so you must buy and register domain you.

please you logging to www. geocities. com, if you has email yahoo. you are unnecessary sign-ups again at geocities, enough logging with wear email yahoo and email password yahoo you.

make site with html.

oh yes, so that learn it easier, i suggest you have front microsoft program page to begin to make your site, otherwise has wear notepad also can.

1. learn to make text and change font (font).

before i begin manner tutorial makes site or website this, you must know formerly, that is code html that always at begin and at cover with tags.

tags first always at begin with . then tags at cover with .

example, my for example wants to make thick font in sentence welcome, then we must use tags as opener tags, and as casing tags.

so code html to make boldface in font welcome like this: welcome at my site. so his result later he will like this: welcome at my site.

such as those which you see, only sentence welcome at boldface at because tags at open and at enclosing in sentence. ascertain you always close tags you open, because if you forget possible entire text at your site yard later thick printed all.

next lists tags necessary you know:

paragraph new:

will open paragraph new. casing tags this

new line:
will make new line for your site yard, resemble command enter at word. casing tags this

boldface: will make font at boldface, the casing

under line: font or number that reside in between tags this has under line. casing tags he is

slash: font or number that reside in between tags this formed sloping (slash). casing tags he is

position in the middle of:

font or number that reside in between tags this will reside in yard midst, casing tags he is

position at left: font or number that reside in between tags this will reside in left site yard, casing tags he is

position at right: font or number that reside in between tags this will reside in right site yard. casing tags he is

change colour: font or number that reside in between tags this rose colored. casing tags he is

change font form: font or number that reside in between tags this use form arial, casing tags he is

change size text: casing tags he is

text walk: huruf or number that reside in between tags this will move from left to right at sail, casing tags he is

note: tags marquee only walk if site yard that use tags this at see by using internet explorer.

2. structure base from yard html.

this example from yard html.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

huruf or number that reside in tags this, will be site title anda

hello this my first site yard. if you want aid makes site, please click semuabisnis. com.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

explanation from code html above:

tags only say to your browser at which part html code at begins.

tags

title from your site, you can see him at topmost part from your browser. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><meta> part so that search engine like google so that can display description short hit your site <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><body> contents from website you, after tags </head> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">3. make hyperlink (link to site) <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">- hyperlink a link that can you click to aim to another yard from your site,<span style=""> </span>or aim to site other. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">example: <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><a href=" http: /www. semuabisnis. com">nama link sebut</a> so the result: link name when does this link at click, so will aim to site semuabisnis. com <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">open link with new windows (new windows) <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">- if you want link at click opened with new windows, so code <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">: <a href=" http: /www. semuabisnis. com" target=" _blank">nama link sebut</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">change colour from link <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">: <body link=" green" vlink=" yellow" alink=" red"> example above will make green coloured link,<span style=""> </span>and link that at click rose colored. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">make link email <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">- make link email very simple, you only necessary inscribe code mailto: emailanda@emailanda. com <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">example: <a href=" mailto: youraddress@email. com">kirim email to saya</a>, so the result: send email to me <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">articulate. . . . (tired Writting). . <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">related link <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p> </o:p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Diposting oleh <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/02305671274746398602' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/02305671274746398602' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>muslim books</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> di <meta content='http://zuhrotunnisfahbooks.blogspot.com/2008/06/manner-makes-website-manner-makes-site.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://zuhrotunnisfahbooks.blogspot.com/2008/06/manner-makes-website-manner-makes-site.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2008-06-16T19:37:00-07:00'>19.37</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1358701670798995375&postID=8946615094110286814' onclick=''> Tidak ada komentar: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1139568873'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1358701670798995375&postID=8946615094110286814&from=pencil' title='Edit Entri'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Minggu, 15 Juni 2008</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0FcfHXxAwt7H9D5CX6bPRKiIFFn8ie9dSi6NUC62VNBzaZEwpVaVPmVUuLjjtIyfhq7MIWRJNzxo5sbkz9xdSPNp6wE-WM2JrjAcfK4tpAv0BkDvOBuZGr5CbdebfCfCdG2zNV6cvQiHy/s400/PICT0176.JPG' itemprop='image_url'/> <meta content='1358701670798995375' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='1551684468052156765' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='1551684468052156765'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://zuhrotunnisfahbooks.blogspot.com/2008/06/karya-tulis-ilmiah.html'>Karya Tulis Ilmiah</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-1551684468052156765' itemprop='description articleBody'> <a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0FcfHXxAwt7H9D5CX6bPRKiIFFn8ie9dSi6NUC62VNBzaZEwpVaVPmVUuLjjtIyfhq7MIWRJNzxo5sbkz9xdSPNp6wE-WM2JrjAcfK4tpAv0BkDvOBuZGr5CbdebfCfCdG2zNV6cvQiHy/s1600-h/PICT0176.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5212683460294649026" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0FcfHXxAwt7H9D5CX6bPRKiIFFn8ie9dSi6NUC62VNBzaZEwpVaVPmVUuLjjtIyfhq7MIWRJNzxo5sbkz9xdSPNp6wE-WM2JrjAcfK4tpAv0BkDvOBuZGr5CbdebfCfCdG2zNV6cvQiHy/s400/PICT0176.JPG" style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />chapter i <br />foreword <br /> <br />a. problem background <br />follow law ri number 23 year 1997 about environment management, environment management inwrought efforts to preserves environment that cover wisdom configurations, utilization, development, maintenance, restoration, supervision and environment control. <br />society well-being problem and environment can emerge in consequence of waste water not at handle properly. waste water is assumed as water out of use or not at beed again. for the reason direct waste water at throws away off hand regardless of negative impact may be emerges good towards biological nature source also non biological. <br />know to be tradisional food a large part society entire indonesias, at like all walks of life. besides contain good nutrient, maker knows also easy relative. likely delicious and achievable the price by all society layers (environment ministry, 2006) <br />industrial knows to be housing industrial that cultivate soy bean upon which base, be to know as product ends to pass various <br />process likes soy bean election, soaking / soy bean wash, soy bean skin peel, second stage soaking, rice mill, poaching or penggodo soy bean porridge, porridge screening, clotting, pressing and printing last knows. this industrial is besides produces to know, also produce waste shaped: solid waste that comes from soy bean cleaning and waste that come from production process shaped liquid waste from process shaped precipitation shaped filtrat or filter result that separated from sedimet knows when not cultivated and direct at will throw away will dirty water body so that will causes environment quality depreciation and disturb human well-being with evoke aesthetics disturbance. <br />mendaerah cliff anom, klaten found maker home industry knows at kelola by assosiasi industrial know white essence, cliff village anom, klaten north, klaten. at region be sentra industrial knows with worker as much as 13 industrials with worker total every 1 flat industrial unit - flat around 7 - 10 person, with flat production capacity - flat perhari 300 - 500 kg soy bean. besides know as principal product from result also at yield liquid waste. liquid waste at yield usually at throw away. pass pipe but admit of to evoke problem shaped smell very disturb surounding citizen. besides, at cliff anom, klaten there are some member that take care livestock, among others cow livestock, pig and goat so that from result shaped waste that consist of solid waste shaped waste knows then at exploit by surounding citizen as livestock food, member buys waste from industrial knows at the price of rp. 5.000, - once ripe every 10 kg soy bean. <br />little effort industrial disposal management data (environment ministry, 2003) menunjukk that is a large part food industrial at java; like industrial knows, tempe, tapioca, crisply, and fish processing; solid waste and liquidity at throw away to environment, like gutter and river is moved other. <br />energy wanted by all society layers to subsidize the life so much, but along walk it time and citizen increase, energy more difficulter at get, especially energy source to life a day - day. (widarto and suryanta, 1995) <br />based on survey foreword that done on 8 marches 2008, that quality from industrial liquid waste knows at cliff region anom, klaten very tall, especially that as liquid waste parameter to bod as big as: 2072 mg/l, cod as big as: 3701 mg/l, tss as big as: 412 mg/l. result from waste quality exceed standard quality that appointed by central java province government that regulate about standard industrial liquid waste quality knows that is bod as big as: 50, cod as big as: 100, tss as big as: 200, therefore necessary industrial liquid waste processing existence knows so that doesn't dirty environment. <br />one of [the] manner to decrease pollution at cause by industrial waste water knows by do the waste processing through biodigester. process from waste processing in biodigester by using bacteria anaerob doesn't want oxygen in course of the processing. <br />follow decomposition process that done by bacteria anaerob insides biodigester, in principle process that change organic ingredient in water waste is methan and carbon monoxide without oxygen. this change is carried out in two stages with two different bacteria groups. first an organic matter at turn into sour organic and easy alcohol steams. second, continue organic sour compound renovation is methane, <br /> <br /> <br />organic ingredient process anaerob sour organic + co2 + h2o + alcohol <br />sour producer <br />sour fat bacteria anaerob ch, co2, nh3 + h2o + energy <br />formation methane <br />therefore as efforts decreases pollution danger at area sentra industrial made biodigester with aid cost from klh (environment office) and self-supporting from industrial owners knows. biodigester at make with a view to decrease environment pollution at result from liquid waste from industrial knows. <br /> <br />b. problem formulation <br />based on explanation above, besides researcher wants to make use liquid waste knows upon which standard biogas also want to canvass industrial liquid waste processing influence know with biodigester towards liquid waste quality, so that can at make question: <br />1. is there industrial liquid waste processing connection know with biodigester towards degree depreciation bod? <br />2. is there industrial liquid waste processing connection know with biodigester towards degree depreciation cod? <br />3. is there industrial liquid waste processing connection know with biodigester towards degree depreciation tss? <br />c. watchfulness aim <br />1. general aim <br />mengetahuinya industrial liquid waste processing connection knows with biodigester towards liquid waste quality at cliff village anom klaten <br />2. special aim <br />a. mengetahuinya industrial liquid waste processing connection knows with biodigester towards degree depreciation bod <br />b. mengetahuinya industrial liquid waste processing connection knows with biodigester towards degree depreciation cod <br />c. mengetahuinya industrial liquid waste processing connection knows with biodigester towards degree depreciation tss <br />d. watchfulness benefit <br /> <br />1) for society <br />especially for industrial entrepreneur know can make use industrial liquid waste know to alternative fuel all at once to decrease environment pollution around effect [of] industrial liquid waste contamination know to environment <br />2) for science <br />manambah khasanah science especially hit industrial liquid waste utilization knows to make biogas <br /> <br /> <br />3) for researcher <br />researcher erudition increase hits industrial liquid waste utilization knows to make biogas <br /> <br />e. scope keilmuan <br />based on watchfulness whom we do, as according to scope keilmuan at teach at environment well-being direction that is lecture eye paplc that discuss about liquid waste processing. <br /> <br />f. watchfulness authenticity <br />watchfulness have a title" industrial liquid waste processing analysis knows with biodigester towards liquid waste quality at sentra industrial know cliff village white essence anom klaten" never at do to get expert degree madya environment well-being (diploma iii) at environment well-being direction poltekkes yogyakarta also at another college, except the information source part at mention properly. <br /> <br />g. watchfulness scope <br />1. watchfulness variable <br />a. free variable <br />free variable in this watchfulness industrial liquid waste processing knows with biodigester <br /> <br />b. bound variable <br />bound variable in this watchfulness liquid waste quality with parameter bod, cod, tss <br />2. watchfulness location <br />this watchfulness location is done at sentra industrial knows white essence, cliff village anom, klaten north, klaten, central java <br />3. watchfulness object <br />this watchfulness object industrial liquid waste knows. <br />4. watchfulness time <br />this watchfulness be carried out in may up to july month 2008. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />chapter ii <br />book observation <br /> <br />a. theory <br />1. industrial knows <br />know to be made food-stuff from soy bean that many at know at society and many meminati, because cheap the price, easy got, and contain nutrient value many. know to come from china country and be koagulasi from protein soy bean. koagulasi protein done with ingredient - ingredient has sour, furthermore koagulan from prootein soy bean at filter and mempadatkan be to know (university environment study centre janabadra yogyakarta, 2006) <br />industrial knows to be little industrial or housing many we find and widespread in all indonesia area. besides easy basic commodity at can, manner makes it very simple, know to be nutritious food-stuff enough tall, especially pregnancy protein enough tall, especially pregnancy protein vegetable. industrial development knows enough fast, among others because support from government with mendirikannya kopti at various region, with construction then menerus by government, either from also technical development and appropriate construction with a purpose to bational development that is will build indonesian seutuh either in food area so that will increase society economics (mautia yelsis fitria, 2007) <br />now environment damage many is happening where - which, so that industrial world development must at barengi with development based on in environment. for that environment management and environment preservation is important matter in mendiria a industrial especially knows, we can see can evoke vast impact at society. therefore industrial progress must as according to indonesian development point of view that is development that can fulfil aspiration and generation need coming. therefore environment function necessary preserved. <br />follow sudarmadji, 2007, environment management is activity rushes by sector and demand at develop it a integrity system as characteristic predominantly. thereby environment management execution needs involvement pemang importance (stakeholders), good government resort, education world, corporate world (private) also society. this matter likes to loed in chapter i section 1 number 2 invite - invite number 23 year 1997 about environment management at mention that environment management inwrought efforts to preserves environment function that cover wisdom configurations, utilization, development, maintenance, restoration, supervision, and environment control. environment management aim included in section 3 invite - invite 23 year 1997 realize development continues with vision of environment. development here interpretted as aware efforts and encana, fuse environment belongs resource, into development process to guarantee ability, welfare, and present day generation alive quality and alive quality explicitly called as development important criteria continues. this explanation confirms that final purpose from development process welfare and indonesia human life quality. <br /> <br />2. maker process knows <br />maker process knows got from result ektraksi soy bean and clotting protein by using sour or clotting protein by using sour or another clotting (environment ministry, 2006). follow to be maker process channel knows as follows: <br />a. maker process knows <br />1) soy bean election <br />so that know at make true - good true so soy bean at use must have a certain quality good. soy bean at clear of sand or another mixture. ugly soy bean seed at dissociates. <br />2) stage soy bean soaking one <br />soy bean that chosen then at soak in water during 3 - 4 clocks so that enough soft to at mill. besides, with at will soak soy bean will blossom and the skin easier at free / at will clean. from this process is at yields liquid waste and soy bean skin not at wear. <br />3) stage soaking two <br />this soaking is at means so that soy bean be soft so that make easy at the (time) of rice mill, long soaking during 30 - 40 minutes and from this soaking result also produce liquid waste <br />4) soy bean rice mill <br />soy bean that enough soft then at mill so that be soy bean porridge. <br />5) poaching / penggodogan soy bean porridge <br />after experience soy bean porridge screening at add water then at boiled up to boil during 30 minutes, so that soy bean thicken / experience clotting and from this process will produce liquid waste <br />6) screening <br />porridge that still to boil soon at degrade and at filter by using made filter from calico cloth / mori coarse. filter result shaped waste knows and water knows <br />7) printing office knows <br />screening result water at tampung in basin then at will add vinegar so that formed jonjot - jonjot white later will be to know. jonjot - jonjot white or lump knows that begin mengendap that then at print. sour water found above sedimet at dissociates beforehand. this sour water is a part at throws away and a part again used to return. <br /> <br />b. liquid waste knows <br />waste outcast the presence at one time and certain place not at desires environment because doesn't has economy value (kristanto philip, 2004). <br />follow kastyanto, 1991 that maker effort knows doesn't quit of waste at yield that is consist of solid waste and liquid waste. <br />liquid waste knows to be by-product from maker process know. liquid waste knows this among others come from soaking process and soy bean cleaning from dirt and seed - rotten seed or broken, printing process / pressing knows and filter wash process with device rinsing. <br />waste will know when will not be cultivated well will evoke water body pollution and vinicity environment. this polluted water when at consumption by human will causes stomachache and skin disease. consequence fataler when happen ingredient accumulation - certain chemicals in body can causes death (pusdiknakes, 1985) <br /> <br /> <br />character - character from liquid waste knows this among others: <br />1. muddy coloured because suspension substance height <br />2. sour smell comes from ammonia and sulfide hydrogen that be result dekomposisi compound protein existing in liquid waste <br />3. ph low because at use vinegar in course of maker knows <br />4. has tall organic ingredient pregnancy <br /> <br />when is liquid waste this be can be let off hand so can cause smell that can disturb activities from people around, besides when is liquid waste this at will throw away off hand to water body will cause water body quality depreciation. ph water body is low, aesthetics disturbance shaped smell not delicious and muddy colour caused by putrefaction by bacteria and oxygen will be be dissolved in water body more lower because a lot at will use organism to will renovate protein so that oxygen depreciation will be be dissolved this will disturb life biota in water body. <br />when is liquid waste at can throw away to soil surface can evoke smell not delicious and depreciation ph vinicity soil. besides, this liquid waste can penetrate to ground water layer and influence vinicity well water quality. (setyobudi et al, 1989) <br />whey or more at know with liquid waste knows at obtain from water remainder result know doesn't thicken. whey still has total pregnancy n enough tall (table 1), so that whey can at exploit to make note de soya <br /> <br />table 1. liquid waste characteristics knows <br />parameter penggumpal caso4 (ppm) penggumpal sour (ppm) <br />total n 434.780 226.000 <br />glucose 92.000 37.000 <br />pb 0.240 0,036 <br />ca 34.030 2.490 <br />cu 0.178 0.107 <br />na 0.591 0.337 <br />source: sarwono (1994) <br /> <br />follow to be standard liquid waste quality for industrial area especially industrial knows (table 2) as according to number environment decree of the state's minister: kep- 03/ menlh/ 1/1998 about standard liquid waste quality for industrial area: <br /> <br /> <br />parameter <br />maximum degree <br />(mg/l) load pencemar maximum <br />(kg/hr. ha) <br />bod5 50 4,3 <br />cod 100 8,6 <br />tss 200 17,2 <br />ph 6,0 - 9,0 <br /> <br /> <br />follow pramudyanto (1991, liquid waste total estimate at yield by industrial knows every kuwintal soy bean 1,5 - 2 m³ waste water or every 10 kg soy bean at yield liquid waste as much as 100 liquid waste litres knows. because liquid waste know has tall organic ingredient pregnancy so can at exploit for maker biogas. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />3. biodigester <br />biodigester a tool that used for formation process biogas by anaerob and in character permanent. <br />a. explanation biogas <br />biogas or gas bio ingredient that got from bahan- organic ingredient, especially human dirt, animal dirt, sisa- also mixture passes fermentation process and putrefaction by bacteria anaerobik. (department of health, 1987). <br />composition biogas consist of: <br />" gas methan (ch4) 54 - 70 % <br />" dioxide carbon (co2) 27 - 45 % <br />" nitrogen (n2) 3 -5 % <br />" hydrogen (h2) 1 - 0 % <br />" karbonmonoksida (co) 0,1 % <br />" oxygen (o2) 0,1 % <br />" sulfide hydrogen (h2s) a little <br />based on komposisidi on, gas methan has prosentase tall, this gas when mixes with air will produce gas will burn blue coloured and relative will produce hot energy big enough. methan pure has character not coloured, odourless, and doesn't feel. <br />value kalor bio gas enough tall that is 4000 - 6700 kcal/m³. matter this means almost achieve energy to boil 130 kg water in temperature 20°c or lamp flame around 40 - 100 watt during 5 - 6 clocks. (department of health, 1987) <br />b. operational biogas <br />production biogas very depend on temperature substrat filler ingredient in tank pencerna. follow sahidu, 1983, in book makes biogas at write by l. widarto and sudarto, (2004), biogas begin formed on ke-5 with temperature pencerna around 28° c. according to practise bentuknya biogas difficult at know but in gas first week has begun formed in tank pencerna. tank beginning closing best on ke-5 after admission filling. <br />biogas formed in first week must at throw away by open interval to manometer during one or two clocks. slowness in exile biogas can evoke explosion because reaction that between gas methan with air remainder in tank pencerna. explosion can happen if konsentarsi gas methan formed achieve 5-14 %. treatment that must at look at also in this beginning control check ph filler ingredient. <br />there two basic commodity admission filling manners biogas that is directly (curah/full) and malar admission filling. maker biogas in this watchfulness uses malar admission filling manner that is basic commodity mengisikan malarly and every day must at contents with basic commodity in number at determine (to channelled) into tube menggester biogas. <br /> <br />c. process formed gas methan <br />basic commodity biogas organic ingredient that is easy ingredient decays. easy rubbish decays and animal dirt many contain cellulose. by microorganism sellulosa this is mengurai be charcoal sour gas and methan pass process anaerob (department of health, 1987). <br />poses bentuknya biogas can at describe as next: <br />1) (c6h12o6)n m. o. sellulose n (c6h12o6) <br />sellulosa glucose <br />2) n (c6h12o6) m. o. ethanol 2n(ch3ch2oh)+n(co2) + <br />glucose ethanol <br /> <br />n (57.000 kal) <br />3) 2n (ch3ch2oh) + 2n (co2) omellianski <br />ethanol axis. charcoal <br />2n (ch3cooh) + n (ch4) <br />axis. acetate gas methan <br />4) 2n (ch3cooh) 2n (ch4) + 2n (co2) <br />axis. acetate gas methan axis gas. charcoal <br /> <br />d. factor - factor that influence production biogas <br />factor that influence production biogas or bentuknya biogas basic commodity, acidity degree (ph), digestion temperature, the long putrefaction time, soy bean capacity (paimin, 1995 and department of health, 1987) <br />1) basic commodity <br />biogas at determine by gas methan formed very at determine by ingredient - organic ingredient berunsur carbon chemistry (c). element - carbon element for the change is gas methan pass process anaerobik determined by bacteria anaerob the life wants nitrogen (n). so basic commodity biogas must contain second element. equally, must has ratio (comparison) good or value c/n he is optimal. <br />2) acidity degree (ph) <br />in the early digestion, ph liquid will go to be 6 or may be lower, two three weeks then then value ph- begin to rise at accompany with bloom the prolific formation bacteria methan. bacteria will work in turn ph between 6,8 - 8. this turn will give optimal digestion result. <br />3) digestion temperature <br />temperature good to formation process biogas range from 20 - 40° c. and with optimum temperature between 28-30° c. this matter is because bacteria development very at influences by temperature condition. usually producer bacteria methan be bacteria mesofil. this bacteria will thrive when temperature at vinicity will present in room temperature. <br />4) the long putrefaction <br />for waste knows the long minimal putrefaction time 6 days, longer putrefaction time more perfecter the process. <br />5) soy bean capacity <br />to can produce biogas so minimal soy bean capacity at insert into biodigester ± 200 kg. based on experience lptp (rural district technology development institution - dewats), for production knows with soy bean capacity 700 kg/hr produced bot less than 10.500 gas litre bio/hr. need 1 household with 4-5 member person, approximately 1.200 - 2.000 litre/day <br /> <br />e. maker benefit biodigester <br />benefit at obtain from maker biodigester from liquid waste knows: <br />1) gas at will yield will not evoke smoke so that will not happen smarting taste in eye and smoke consequence asphyxia likes in wood. <br />2) liquid waste from maker biogas can at exploit as organic fertilizer, liquid waste can also at use to pour plants because contain element hara at require plants <br />3) well-being and well guaranted environment cleanliness because all liquid waste knows direct memasukkkan to menggester, so that parasite - parasite likes tapeworm, heart worm and other - other crashed in menggester. <br /> <br />b. concept sketch <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />filtrat <br />anaerobik <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />: object that canvassed <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />c. hypothesis <br />1. there industrial liquid waste processing connection knows with biodigester towards degree depreciation bod <br />2. there industrial liquid waste processing connection knows with biodigester towards degree depreciation cod <br />3. there industrial liquid waste processing connection knows with biodigester towards degree depreciation tss <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />chapter iii <br />watchfulness methodology <br /> <br />a. watchfulness kind <br />this watchfulness is watchfulness survey with approach paired sample t-tes that is test that done towards two samples berpasangan (paired); sample berpasangan interpretted as a sample with subject same (pre and post). the result will be analyzed according to menykriptif and analytic. <br /> <br />b. watchfulness object <br />object from this watchfulness 3 biodigester that represents 13 biodigester or industrial liquid waste processing knows at sentra industrial know cliff village white essence anom katen north, klaten, central java. <br /> <br />c. time and watchfulness place <br />this watchfulness is carried out at sentra industrial knows white essence, cliff village, anom, klaten north, klaten and time from march until june 2008 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />d. population and sample <br />1. population <br />population in this watchfulness entire liquid waste at yields from sentra industrial knows white essence, cliff village, anom, klaten north, klaten <br />2. sample <br />sample in this watchfulness some of population that is taken that is industrial liquid waste knows as much as 36 litres (pre and post) in 3 biodigester merumah father ngadiono, father maryanto, and father sriyatno that taken randomly for representing 13 biodigester from direction north, middle and south, with in third house biggest the production capacity <br /> <br />e. variable and the operational definition <br />1. free variable <br />free variable in this watchfulness industrial liquid waste processing knows with biodigester <br />operational definition: industrial liquid waste processing knows with biodigester anaerobik by put into liquid waste know that produced from process ends maker industrial knows. <br />scale: nominal <br />2. bound variable <br />bound variable in this watchfulness liquid waste quality with parameter bod, cod, tss <br /> <br />operational definition <br />bod (biological oksidation demand): oxygen quantity at wear by mikroorganisme in water for the alive need / count need o2 dissolved to dekomposisi an organic matter during 5 days in temperature 25 ° c with biological process (uses bacteria), taken in morning. <br />cod (chemical oxygen demand): oxygen that wanted to oxidize ingredient - reducer chemicals (especially an organic matter) is taken in morning. <br />tss (total suspended solid): residue doesn't escape to filter or bated by filter, taken in morning. <br />scale: ratio <br /> <br />3. intruder variable <br />variable penganggu in this watchfulness consists of: <br />a. acidity degree (ph) <br />acidity degree (ph) manageable with increasing naoh reach to get ingredient mixture with ph neutral. increasing naoh done at the (time) of ingredient mixing before at insert into tube biodigester <br />b. digestion temperature biodigester <br />for digestion temperature try tube biodigester present in stable temperature that is between 20 - 40 °c because bacteria can alive well in room temperature 28-30 °c, when present in be 20 °c temperature or above 40 °c so can influence result from biogas formed. <br />c. the long putrefaction <br />longer the process of obsolence so process bentuknya gas more perfecter, the long minimal putrefaction time 6 days, on the contrary if less than 6 days so quality from gas smaller the control by will be depraved minimal 6 days. <br />d. soy bean capacity <br />soy bean capacity minimum to produce biogas ± 200 kg, if less than 200 kg so gas appearance possibility very little and when munculpun so gas pressure that produced also very little. the control by maker production soy bean/capacity processing know must more than 200 kg/hr <br />e. sample taking time <br />only at the (time) of office hours that is start at 08.00-16.00 wib. in this watchfulness is sample taking time between blow 08.00-10.00 wib because direct sample is inspected at laboratory. <br /> <br />f. watchfulness instrument / connection delivers variable <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />g. terminology definition <br />standard industrial area liquid waste quality: liquid waste maximum limit that is permitted throwed away to environment from a industrial area. <br />liquid waste quality: liquid waste conditon that declared with rate of flow, degree, and pollution load <br />maximum degree: degree tingi that still to permitted throwed away to environment <br />industrial area: place area pemusatankegiatan industrial at provide with infrastructure and supporting tool that developed and managed by company industrial area that has industrial area effort permission <br />company industrial area: company that carry on development and or industrial area management <br />industrial area liquid waste: waste in the form of liquid that produced by industrial area activity at throw away to environment and be guessed can demote environment quality <br /> <br />h. the way watchfulness <br />1. watchfulness preparation stage <br />a. ` determine watchfulness object <br />b. administer licensing for watchfulness <br />c. determine location and execution time <br />d. do survey foreword to watchfulness location <br />e. prepare tool and ingredient <br /> <br />2. execution stage <br />a. explain to industrial entrepreneur knows that researcher wants to analyze about industrial liquid waste processing knows with biodigester towards liquid waste quality menyentra industrial know white essence <br />b. explain to industrial entrepreneur knows to hit aim and watchfulness benefit that is detect to what there difference before and after experience processing with biodigester from waste processing knows <br />c. take sample exist in industrial knows that is shaped waste water know from maker production result know <br />d. take industrial liquid waste knows at pre and post that is liquid waste that will enter and out from biodigester into bottle <br />e. give label in every - every sample bottle between pre and post, sample kind, place name / house that taken and taking time <br />f. bring waste water sample to laboratory and direct canvassed liquid waste pregnancy with parameter bod, cod, tss <br /> <br />i. watchfulness instrument <br />1. tool: <br />stationery <br />clock to count time <br />sample bottle <br />laboratory device to count bod, cod, tss <br />2. ingredient: <br />liquid waste knows <br /> <br />j. processing plan and data analysis <br />1. descriptive analysis <br />data that got to presented in the form of table and then number - number found in table is analyzed according to percentage <br /> <br />2. analytic analysis <br />menggunaka test t-test bound according to computerization with program spss 12.00 for windows, with? = 0,05 and at continue with coefficient kontingensi to detect keeratan connection delivers variable. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />supplement 2 <br />recana watchfulness fund estimation <br /> <br /> <br />no <br />activity <br />tool and ingredient <br /> <br />cost <br />1. arrangement proposal kti typing and penjilidan <br />75.000,002. seminar proposal kti multiplication and consumption <br />100.000,003. revision proposal kti typing and penjilidan <br />75.000,004. multiplication watchfulness licensing and watchfulness cost 50.000,005. tool watchfulness preparation and ingredient <br />20.000,006. transportation watchfulness execution and accomodations <br />50.000,007. laboratory test service data testing 3 x pre - post watchfulness ingredient 210.000,008. report kti typing and penjilidan <br />50.000,009. session kti multiplication and consumption <br />100.000,0010. report revision kti end typing and penjilidan <br />50.000,0011. contingency <br />70.000,00 <br />total <br />rp. 850.000,00 <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Diposting oleh <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/02305671274746398602' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/02305671274746398602' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>muslim books</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> di <meta content='http://zuhrotunnisfahbooks.blogspot.com/2008/06/karya-tulis-ilmiah.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://zuhrotunnisfahbooks.blogspot.com/2008/06/karya-tulis-ilmiah.html' 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